RESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.
RESUMO
Abstract Accumulated evidence has shown that the oral cavity may be an important reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have suggested that the use of mouthrinses could reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. 2. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of different mouthrinses in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Various active ingredients have been tested in these trials: 0.5%,1% and 2% povidone-iodine, 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.075% CPC with Zinc lactate, 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX and ß-cyclodextrin and citrox. The studies reported an intra-group reduction in the salivary levels of the virus, when compared with the baseline. However, the majority of these trials failed to demonstrate a significant inter-group difference between active groups and the control group relative to the decrease in salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Although promising, these results should be confirmed by larger trials.
RESUMO
Smoking is a chronic disease, and it is considered a global epidemic associated with adverse effects on general and oral health. There is evidence that smoking cessation can improve health-related aspects and benefit the outcomes of dental treatments. Thus, it is important that dentists encourage smokers to stop smoking and provide care to those who wish to quit smoking. There are effective strategies that can be used by dental professionals to help smokers to quit and, consequently, obtain more favorable outcomes in the dental treatment. The aim of this literature review is to discuss the effect of smoking cessation on general and oral health, and to describe effective strategies to combat this important public health problem. Dentists should encourage their patients to quit smoking and they have an important role in this. There are many strategies available for health professionals to assist smokers that are willing to quit. (AU)
O tabagismo é uma doença crônica, considerada uma epidemia global, que leva à desfechos adversos na saúde geral e bucal. Por outro lado, há evidências de que a cessação desse hábito pode melhorar aspectos relacionados a saúde como um todo e beneficiar resultados de tratamentos odontológicos. Dessa forma, é fundamental que o cirurgião dentista motive fumantes a pararem de fumar e forneça assistência àqueles que desejam abandonar esse hábito. Para isso, existem estratégias eficazes que podem ser utilizadas para ajudar fumantes nessa difícil missão e, consequentemente, obter resultados mais favoráveis nos tratamentos realizados no consultório odontológico. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi discutir os efeitos da cessação do tabagismo sobre a saúde geral e bucal, bem como descrever estratégias eficazes para combater esse importante problema de saúde pública. Cirurgiões dentistas devem estimular seus pacientes a pararem de fumar e possuem um papel fundamental nessa questão. As estratégias disponíveis para assistir esses pacientes a parar de fumar podem e devem ser utilizadas por profissionais de saúde bucal. (AU)